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Donor lymphocyte infusion for the treatment of leukemia relapse after HLA-mismatched/haploidentical T-cell-replete hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

From the Institute of Hematology, People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, PR China 100044

Correspondence: Xiao-Jun Huang, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China E-mail: xjhrm{at}medmail.com.cn

In this study, we tested the efficacy and safety of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) priming in patients who relapsed after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Twenty patients received DLI at a median of 177 days after HSCT. Eight patients survived in complete remission for a median of 1118 days. The 2-year probability of leukemia-free survival was 40%. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade 3–4 occurred in six patients after DLI. GVHD prophylaxis reduced the incidence of acute GVHD. Our primary data showed that G-CSF-primed DLI with GVHD prophylaxis was a potentially effective therapeutic option for patients who relapsed after haploidentical HSCT.

Key words: donor lymphocyte infusion, relapse, haploidentical, transplantation.