Thrombosis |
1 Centro de Investigación, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
2 Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
3 Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
4 Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
5 Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
6 Hemostasis and Thrombosis Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
Correspondence: Francisco España, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Centro de Investigación, Av. Campanar 21, 46009 Valencia, Spain. E-mail:espanya_fra{at}gva.es
Background: Haplotypes A1 and A3 in the endothelial protein C receptor gene are tagged by the 4678G/C and 4600A/G polymorphisms, respectively, and have been reported to influence the risk of venous thromboembolism. We assessed whether these haplotypes modify the risk of premature myocardial infarction.
Design and Methods: We genotyped these polymorphisms in 689 patients with premature myocardial infarction and 697 control subjects. Activated protein C and soluble endothelial protein C receptor levels were also measured.
Results: After adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, A1 and A3 haplotypes protected against premature myocardial infarction (odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.4–0.8, p=0.044 and 0.5, 0.3–0.6, p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the protective role of these haplotypes seemed to be additive, as carriers of both the A1 and A3 haplotypes had adjusted odds ratios of 0.3 (0.2–0.5, p<0.001) and 0.4 (0.2–0.8, p=0.006) compared to those carrying only the A1 or A3 haplotype, respectively. The presence of the A1 haplotype was associated with increased levels of activated protein C whereas individuals carrying the A3 haplotype showed the highest soluble endothelial protein C receptor levels.
Conclusions: These results show that A1 haplotype carriers have a reduced risk of premature myocardial infarction via the association of this haplotype with increased activated protein C plasma levels. The study also shows that carriers of the A3 haplotype have a reduced risk of myocardial infarction, only in part due to increased soluble endothelial protein C levels.
Key words: endothelial protein C receptor, haplotypes, premature myocardial infarction, activated protein C, soluble EPCR.