Published online 4 December 2008
Haematologica, Vol 94, Issue 1, 78-86 doi:10.3324/haematol.13426
Copyright © 2009 by Ferrata Storti Foundation

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Multiple Myeloma

MMSET deregulation affects cell cycle progression and adhesion regulons in t(4;14) myeloma plasma cells

Jose L.R. Brito¹, Brian Walker¹, Matthew Jenner¹, Nicholas J. Dickens¹, Nicola J.M. Brown², Fiona M. Ross³, Athanasia Avramidou¹, Julie A.E. Irving⁴, David Gonzalez¹, Faith E. Davies¹, Gareth J. Morgan¹

¹ Institute for Cancer Research, Section of Haemato-Oncology, London
² Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King’s College London, School of Medicine
³ Leukaemia Research Fund UK Myeloma Forum Cytogenetics Group, Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury
⁴ Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK

Correspondence: Gareth Morgan, Brookes Lawley Building, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK., E-mail:Gareth.morgan{at}icr.ac.uk

Background: The recurrent immunoglobulin translocation, t(4;14)(p16;q32) occurs in 15% of multiple myeloma patients and is associated with poor prognosis, through an unknown mechanism. The t(4;14) up-regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) genes. The involvement of MMSET in the pathogenesis of t(4;14) multiple myeloma and the mechanism or genes deregulated by MMSET upregulation are still unclear.

Design and Methods: The expression of MMSET was analyzed using a novel antibody. The involvement of MMSET in t(4;14) myelomagenesis was assessed by small interfering RNA mediated knockdown combined with several biological assays. In addition, the differential gene expression of MMSET-induced knockdown was analyzed with expression microarrays. MMSET gene targets in primary patient material was analyzed by expression microarrays.

Results: We found that MMSET isoforms are expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines, being exclusively up-regulated in t(4;14)-positive cells. Suppression of MMSET expression affected cell proliferation by both decreasing cell viability and cell cycle progression of cells with the t(4;14) translocation. These findings were associated with reduced expression of genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression (e.g. CCND2, CCNG1, BRCA1, AURKA and CHEK1), apoptosis (CASP1, CASP4 and FOXO3A) and cell adhesion (ADAM9 and DSG2). Furthermore, we identified genes involved in the latter processes that were differentially expressed in t(4;14) multiple myeloma patient samples.

Conclusions: In conclusion, dysregulation of MMSET affects the expression of several genes involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, cell adhesion and survival.

Key words: MMSET, WHSC1, myeloma.

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